Cumulative effects of multiple brain injuries.If these symptoms persist beyond three months, this becomes characterized as persistent post-concussive symptoms. A small proportion of people (15% to 20%) may have symptoms including headaches, dizziness and thinking difficulties that persist beyond three weeks. Persistent post-concussive symptoms (post-concussive syndrome).Some people experience a sense of spinning or dizziness for days, weeks or months after a brain injury. Some people experience concussion-related headaches up to seven days after a brain injury. Potential complications of concussion include: Being involved in a pedestrian or bicycle accident. Being involved in a motor vehicle collision.Participating in high-risk sports without proper safety equipment and supervision.Participating in a high-risk sport, such as football, hockey, soccer, rugby, boxing or other contact sport.Falling, especially in young children and older adults.Risk factorsĪctivities and factors that may increase your risk of a concussion include: That's why anyone who experiences a brain injury needs monitoring in the hours afterward and emergency care if symptoms worsen. Such bleeding in your brain can be fatal. These symptoms may develop immediately or later. This type of brain injury may lead to bleeding in or around your brain, causing symptoms such as prolonged drowsiness and confusion. These injuries affect brain function, usually for a brief period, resulting in signs and symptoms of concussion. Sudden acceleration or deceleration of the head, caused by events such as a car crash or being violently shaken, also can cause brain injury. It's cushioned from everyday jolts and bumps by cerebrospinal fluid inside your skull.Ī violent blow to your head and neck or upper body can cause your brain to slide back and forth forcefully against the inner walls of your skull. Your brain has the consistency of gelatin. These injuries can affect the brain in different ways and cause different types of concussions. Never return to play or vigorous activity while signs or symptoms of a concussion are present.Įxperts recommend that an athlete with a suspected concussion not return to activities that are associated with a higher risk of another concussion while still showing concussion symptoms.Ĭhildren and adolescents should be evaluated by a health care professional trained in evaluating and managing pediatric concussions.Įxperts also recommend that adult, child and adolescent athletes with concussions not return to play on the same day as the injury.Ĭommon injuries that cause concussions include falls or other direct hits to the head, car accidents and blast injuries from explosions. Large head bumps or bruises on areas other than the forehead in children, especially in infants under 12 months of age.Changes in physical coordination, such as stumbling or clumsiness.Obvious difficulty with mental function or physical coordination.Slurred speech or other changes in speech. Confusion or disorientation, such as difficulty recognizing people or places.Appearing very pale for longer than an hour.Ringing in the ears that doesn't go away.Vision or eye disturbances, such as pupils that are bigger than normal (dilated pupils) or pupils of unequal sizes.Fluid or blood draining from the nose or ears.A loss of consciousness lasting longer than 30 seconds.Seek emergency care for an adult or child who experiences a head injury and signs and symptoms such as: If worrisome signs develop later, seek emergency care. In this case, if your child wants to nap, it's OK to let him or her sleep. If your child doesn't have signs of a serious head injury, remains alert, moves normally and responds to you, the injury is probably mild and usually doesn't need further testing.
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